تحریک رشد و نمو لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) با قارچ‌های تریکودرما و تأثیر آن‌ها بر تعدیل تنش شوری

چکیده

برخی از گونه­های قارچ تریکودرما با افزایش تحمل گیاه به تنش­های محیطی مانند شوری باعث بهبود رشد گیاهان زراعی و افزایش محصول می­شوند. در این راستا، اثر ۱۰ گونه­ی قارچ تریکودرما شاملT. harzianum ، T. lixii ، T. ghanens ، T. virens و T. atroviride  و موتانت آن­ها ( (NAS108 M1) T. harzianum ، T. lixii (NAS114-M17)، T. ghanens (ON545796)، T. virens (NAS115 M17) و T. atroviride (NAS112M2)) برای تعدیل اثرات تنش شوری خاک (ECe=6 dS m-1 و ECe=1.1 dS m-1) در استقرار، رشد رویشی و زایشی گیاه لوبیا چیتی به­صورت کرت­های خردشده بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط مزرعه بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که رشد گیاه لوبیا چیتی به­طور معنی­دار تحت تأثیر تیمارهای شوری، قارچ تریکودرما و اثر متقابل آن­ها بود. درصد سبزشدن و تمامی صفات رویشی، زایشی و پروتئین دانه تحت تنش شوری به­طور معنی­دار (p0.01) نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافتند. کاهش در صفات اجزای عملکرد بیش از صفات رویشی بود. تیمارهای زیستی بذر با گونه­های تریکودرما به­جز T. lixii توانست رشد، نمو و پروتئین دانه گیاه را در شرایط شور و غیر شور بهبود دهند. بیشترین القای مقاومت به شوری را گونه­های T. harzianum ، T. ghanens  و T. atroviride  به همراه موتانت­های آن­ها ایجاد کردند که در بین آن­ها اثر T. atroviride  با کارایی زیستی ۷۵ و ۶۰ درصد به ترتیب در شرایط شور و غیر شور بارزتر بود. لذا این گونه می­تواند به عنوان گونه­ی مطلوب در تولید کودهای زیستی برای تولید لوبیا چیتی در شرایط شور و غیرشور مطرح باشد.

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